Support OIF with a $25, $50, $100, or $250 donation. Knox, published in the International Journal of Communication, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents (2017) Censorship will be rejected. An anonymous respondent wrote, There is always a fight between truth and free speech. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. This does not mean that all people will subscribe to either scientific or journalistic method (or both), but they will gravitate toward material the sources and institutions they find trustworthy, and those institutions will, themselves, demand methods of verification beyond those they use today., A retired public official and internet pioneer predicted, 1) Education for veracity will become an indispensable element of secondary school. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. a) Digital Image Processing Governor Mifflin School District And Filtering Of LGBT Online Content, Franks v. Metropolitan Board of Public Education. By Theresa Chmara published in AASL's Knowledge Quest, Internet Filtering (2010) Which of the following is true about filters in Microsoft Excel databases? Martin is the financial director of a small business. Speech can be regulated in certain venues, but obviously not in all. Its good for democracy to stop the spread of misinformation, but its bad for business. content filtering (information filtering): On the Internet, content filtering (also known as information filtering ) is the use of a program to screen and exclude from access or availability Web pages or e-mail that is deemed objectionable. C) 50 objects including red triangles and green circles Being banned from social media is one obvious one. Martin is the financial director of a small business. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. While numerous studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of ECT and its mechanism, much less research has been conducted regarding the mechanism behind the cognitive side effects . They predicted a future information landscape in which fake information crowds out reliable information. On June 26, 1997, the United States Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997), issued a sweeping reaffirmation of core First Amendment principles and held that communications over the Internet deserve the highest level of Constitutional protection. C) Stroop Task Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? I agree. There is and will be space for misinformation. They believe that material can rise above misinformation and create a base of common knowledge the public can share and act on. Two columns in a cell range can be filtered independently. Question 10 2 pts Which one of the following statements is accurate about the Sorting and Filtering in Excel? These incumbents are locked into monopoly power over our information ecosystem and as they drain advertising money from all other low-cost commercial media they impoverish the public sphere.. What is Digital Image Processing? Second, information related to the product's known as an item vector. CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? What barrier is facing Martin in this scenario? For every fact there is a counterfact and all these counterfacts and facts look identical online, which is confusing to most people.. Remember that quote from Roger Ailes: People dont want to BE informed, they want to FEEL informed. Sigh.. Many of these respondents said the leaders and engineers of the major information platform companies will play a significant role. On the one hand, its good that the big players are finally stepping up and taking responsibility. Managers tend to spend about 30% of every day communicating. Low conflict leads to high performance. audience when she wrote the message. There are always potential compromises when our communication networks are based on human-coded technology and hardware; this [is] less the case with analog-first, digital-second systems., A professor of media and communication based in Europe said, Right now, reliable and trusted verification systems are not yet available; they may become technically available in the future but the arms race between corporations and hackers is never ending. The majority of participants in this canvassing wrote detailed elaborations on their views. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. a) It's an application that alters digital videos b) It's a software that allows altering digital pictures c) It's a system that manipulates digital medias d) It's a machine that allows altering digital images View Answer 2. Of course, the definition of true is sometimes murky. The public can grasp the destructive power of nuclear weapons in a way they will never understand the utterly corrosive power of the internet to civilized society, when there is no reliable mechanism for sorting out what people can believe to be true or false., Bob Frankston, internet pioneer and software innovator, said, I always thought that Mein Kampf could be countered with enough information. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. (YALSA), Information Technology & Telecommunication Services, Office for Diversity, Literacy, and Outreach Services (ODLOS), Office for Human Resource Development and Recruitment (HRDR), Ethnic & Multicultural Information Exchange RT (EMIERT), Graphic Novels & Comics Round Table (GNCRT), Social Responsibilities Round Table (SRRT), 225 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1300 Chicago, IL 60601 | 1.800.545.2433, Intellectual Freedom: Issues and Resources, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the, Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the, Access to Digital Resources and Services: An Interpretation of the, Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering, Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software, Guidelines to Minimize the Negative Effects of Internet Content Filters on Intellectual Freedom, Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning, Do You See What I See? Which of the following uses top-down processing to best explain Connie's sudden shift in attention? Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Technology is driving this issue, but the fix isnt a technical one alone., Mike DeVito, graduate researcher at Northwestern University, wrote, These are not technical problems; they are human problems that technology has simply helped scale, yet we keep attempting purely technological solutions. Medium conflict leads to high performance. ", Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education (February 2013) Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree., Micah Altman, director of research for the Program on Information Science at MIT, commented, Technological advances are creating forces pulling in two directions: It is increasingly easy to create real-looking fake information; and it is increasingly easy to crowdsource the collection and verification of information. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Many respondents expressed concerns about how peoples struggles to find and apply accurate information contribute to a larger social and political problem: There is a growing deficit in commonly accepted facts or some sort of cultural common ground. Why has this happened? When you communicate only a portion of the information available in order to. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. They argued against it for several reasons, including the fact that it enables even broader government and corporate surveillance and control over more of the public. Which of the following process helps in Image enhancement? The rights of minors to retrieve, interact with, and create information posted on the Internet in schools and libraries are extensions of their First Amendment rights. Because adults and, to a lesser degree minors, have First Amendment rights, libraries and schools that choose to use content filters should implement policies and procedures that mitigate the negative effects of filtering to the greatest extent possible. It will again involve information channeling more than misinformation suppression; contradictory claims have always existed in print, but have been manageable and often healthy., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Fake news is not new. Young people are growing into a world where those skills are not being taught., Julia Koller, a learning solutions lead developer, replied, Information is only as reliable as the people who are receiving it. Their reasoning revealed a wide range of opinions about the nature of these threats and the most likely solutions required to resolve them. It would be wonderful to believe otherwise, and I hope that other commentators will be able to convince me otherwise., James Schlaffer, an assistant professor of economics, commented, Information is curated by people who have taken a step away from the objectivity that was the watchword of journalism. International Federation of Libraries /FAIFE (Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression). Which of the following scenarios would be most likely to occur if participants are tested with the dichotic listening task? Jason Hong, A number of respondents referred to this as an arms race. David Sarokin of Sarokin Consulting and author of Missed Information, said, There will be an arms race between reliable and unreliable information. And David Conrad, a chief technology officer, replied, In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage., Jim Hendler, professor of computing sciences at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, commented, The information environment will continue to change but the pressures of politics, advertising and stock-return-based capitalism rewards those who find ways to manipulate the system, so it will be a constant battle between those aiming for objectiveness and those trying to manipulate the system., John Markoff, retired journalist and former technology reporter for The New York Times, said, I am extremely skeptical about improvements related to verification without a solution to the challenge of anonymity on the internet. A professor at a Washington, D.C.-area university said, It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully., Jerry Michalski, futurist and founder of REX, replied, The trustworthiness of our information environment will decrease over the next decade because: 1) It is inexpensive and easy for bad actors to act badly; 2) Potential technical solutions based on strong ID and public voting (for example) wont quite solve the problem; and 3) real solutions based on actual trusted relationships will take time to evolve likely more than a decade., It is nearly impossible to implement solutions at scale the attack surface is too large to be defended successfully. Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) Which of the following statements is accurate about . Many of these experts said the flaws in human nature and still-undeveloped norms in the digital age are the key problems that make users susceptible to false, misleading and manipulative online narratives. United States v. American Library Association,539 U.S. 194 (2003)Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association (CIPA Before the Supreme Court). It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. A leading internet pioneer who has worked with the FCC, the UNs International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the General Electric Co. (GE) and other major technology organizations commented, The internet-as-weapon paradigm has emerged., Dean Willis, consultant for Softarmor Systems, commented, Governments and political groups have now discovered the power of targeted misinformation coupled to personalized understanding of the targets. Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? The truth of news stories is far murkier and multi-faceted. There was common agreement among many respondents whether they said they expect to see improvements in the information environment in the next decade or not that the problem of misinformation requires significant attention. B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. When things are added to the catalogue, the item cold-start problem occurs when they have no or very few interactions. People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. By Bob Bocher with the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, Library Internet Filtering Update (2012) C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. ), Deloitte Risk Services, Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, 2008 (Prepared for the European Union's Safer Internet plus Programme), Internet Filters: A Public Policy Report (2006) Sally did not consider her. C) Triesman proposed that all information is passed through the physical filter, where ratings of importance are made, to the semantic filter to determine what is attended to. A) 50 objects including green triangles and red squares. Peacefire ", Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights(2015). About; British Mark; Publication; Awards; Nominate; Sponsorship; Contact The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) Who gets to decide? Mike Roberts, pioneer leader at ICANN and Internet Hall of Fame member, replied, There are complex forces working both to improve the quality of information on the net, and to corrupt it. Therefore there is ever more information that competes for attention, for credibility and for influence. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. FROM table_name WHERE expression; There is and will be a market (public and private providers) for trusted information. These resources are provided for those interested in learning more about the operation and effectiveness of filtering software. Content-based filtering. The existence of clickbait sites make it easy for conspiracy theories to be rapidly spread by people who do not bother to read entire articles, nor look for trusted sources. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept, QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? Patrick Lambe, principal consultant at Straits Knowledge, commented, All largescale human systems are adaptive. B) Its semantic filter does not consider physical characteristics. Use the key terms from Chapter 2 to complete the following sentence: You call her name and ask for instructions on the next step but she seems not to hear you. Recorded: September 2014, American Library Association/Association for Library Service to Children,Notable Children's Digital Media, American Civil Liberties Union Such an effort, some said, might prepare more people to be wise in what they view/read/believe and possibly even serve to upgrade the overall social norms of information sharing. Adam Lella, Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI) at Stanford University, said, I am hopeful that the principal digital information platforms will take creative initiatives to privilege more authoritative and credible sources and to call out and demote information sources that appear to be propaganda and manipulation engines, whether human or robotic. We use what we know of statistics and probability to compartment uncertainty. When you query table information, you can filter records with the WHERE clause to extract only those records that fulfill a specific expression. We also need to move away from clickbaity-like articles, and not algorithmically rely on popularity but on information., An engineer based in North America replied, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. What is truth? D) The Dichotic listening paradigm. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. For instance, Christian H. Huitema, former president of the Internet Architecture Board, commented, The quality of information will not improve in the coming years, because technology cant improve human nature all that much.. Which of the following is true of the Stroop Effect? By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. Practice all cards. A) Controlled attention processes are slow, effortful, and consciously guide attention to objects of interest. Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. Zbigniew ukasiak, Alex Sandy Pentland, member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the World Economic Forum, commented, We know how to dramatically improve the situation, based on studies of political and similar predictions. 2) Information providers will become legally responsible for their content. Amy just met with her boss, James, who praised her for her hard work and record-, setting sales for the past year. Her boss suggests MBTI. Chicago, IL: American Association of School Librarians (AASL) Why would her boss suggest this? Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them., Charlie Firestone, executive director at the Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, commented, In the future, tagging, labeling, peer recommendations, new literacies (media, digital) and similar methods will enable people to sift through information better to find and rely on factual information. Mike DeVito, A sociologist doing research on technology and civic engagement at MIT said, Though likely to get worse before it gets better, the 2016-2017 information ecosystem problems represent a watershed moment and call to action for citizens, policymakers, journalists, designers and philanthropists who must work together to address the issues at the heart of misinformation., Michael Zimmer, associate professor and privacy and information ethics scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee commented, This is a social problem that cannot be solved via technology.. The Future of Digital Spaces and Their Role in Democracy, What the data says about Americans views of climate change, Podcasts as a Source of News and Information, AI in Hiring and Evaluating Workers: What Americans Think, Americans confident in Zelenskyy, but have limited familiarity with some other world leaders, How Public Polling Has Changed in the 21st Century. Martin is the financial director of the small business. If there is a great amount of pressure from the industry to solve this problem (which there is), then methodologies will be developed and progress will be made In other words, if theres a will, theres way. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?papa smurf tattoo Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. Still, the more hopeful among these experts argue that progress is inevitable as people and organizations find coping mechanisms. Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. That is to say, things will become better but not necessarily good., AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies will further enhance our ability to filter and qualify the veracity of information., There will be new visual cues developed to help news consumers distinguish between trusted news sources and others., Accurate facts are essential, particularly within a democracy, so this will be a high, shared value worthy of investment and government support, as well as private-sector initiatives., We are only at the beginning of drastic technological and societal changes. These benefits are not amenable to technological resolution as they are social, political and cultural in nature. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. A number of these respondents said information platform corporations such as Google and Facebook will begin to efficiently police the environment through various technological enhancements. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. "ConnectSafely.org is a Silicon Valley, Calif.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to educating users of connected technology about safety, privacy, and security. Counter-forces are already emerging. D) The early selection filter because it does not filter out irrelevant physical information until after irrelevant semantic information is filtered out early in processing. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. Philip B. Stark Many respondents agree that misinformation will persist as the online realm expands and more people are connected in more ways. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. There are multiple information streams, public and private, that spread this information online. By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation.
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